Principles of Agronomy & Agricultural Meteorology

هذا المبدأ من الهندسة الزراعية مفيد للتطبيق مع العديد من المحاصيل

Principles Of Agronomy

**Agronomy is most important branches of Agriculture

***Agronomy Definition :-

Agronomy, The term is derived from the Greek words “agros” meaning “Field” and “nomos” meaning “to manage.”

So, Agronomy is a branch of agricultural science which deals with principles and practices of soil, water and crop management.

The principle of agronomy is based on two major purposes:

1. To develop an understanding of the importantprinciples underlying the management.

2. 2. To develop the ability to apply these principles to production situations.

Major Principles to Agronomy:

1. Agrometerology: study of climatic factors in related to agriculture.

2. Soils & Tillage: Tillage is the agricultural preparation of the soil by ploughing, ripping, or turning it.

3. Soils & Water conservation: Water conservation refers to reducing the usage of water and recycling of waste water for different purposes like cleaning, manufacturing, agriculture etc.

4. Dry land Agriculture: Dry land farming is an agricultural technique for cultivating land which receives little rainfall.

5. Mineral Nutrition of plants, Manures & Fertilizers: Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements that are necessary for plant growth.

6. Irrigation & water management: Water management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and optimum use of water resources under defined water polices and regulations

7. Weed Management: Management of unwanted plant in field.

8. Cropping & Farming systems.

9. Sustainable Agriculture: Sustainable agriculture refers to the ability of a farm to produce fertile soil and cows, without causing severe or irreversible damage to ecosystem health

***Basic Principles of Agronomy***

Agronomic principles are the ways and means for the better management of soil, plant and environment for economically maximum returns per unit area for years.

The Basic Principles of agronomy may be listed below:

1. Planning programming and executing measures for maximum utilization of resources ( land, sunshine, rain water, temperature, humidity , winds) and inputs( labor, seeds, capital , irrigation water, fertilizer/ manures, farm equipment, marketing facilities etc ) for increased yield and maximum profits

 Adoption of multiple cropping and also mixed or intercropping to ensure harvest even under adverse environmental conditions.

 Choice of quality seeds or seed materials and maintenance of requisite plant density per unit area with healthy and uniform seedlings

 Proper water management /better water use efficiency

 Adoption of adequate plant protection measures/IPM

 Adoption of suitable management ractices/intercultural operations

 Adoption of suitable method of harvesting of crops as well as suitable post harvest technologies