Heart of Darkness

A novella by Joseph Conrad, exploring colonialism and inner darkness.

"Heart of Darkness" is a novella by Joseph Conrad, first published as a serial in Blackwood's Magazine in 1899, and then as a complete book in 1902. It is considered one of the most important works of literature from the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is widely studied in schools and universities.

Plot Summary

The novella centers around the journey of English seaman Charles Marlow, who travels into the African Congo to work as a steamboat captain for a Belgian trading company. During his voyage, Marlow confronts the physical and moral darkness of the colonial enterprise.

Main Characters

Charles Marlow: The narrator and English seaman who recounts his experience in the Congo.

Mr. Kurtz: The enigmatic and influential station manager who becomes the object of Marlow's quest. Kurtz holds a powerful sway over the local inhabitants and undergoes a psychological and moral breakdown.

Key Themes

Colonialism: The novella critiques the exploitation of African resources and people by European colonial powers.

Inner Darkness: It explores the idea of an inherent darkness within human beings that can emerge under extreme conditions.

Civilization vs. Savagery: The narrative examines the dichotomy between Western civilization and the so-called "savagery" of Africa, suggesting that brutality exists within the heart of civilization itself.

Writing Style

Conrad employs a complex narrative style rich with symbolism and metaphor. The language is dense and layered, inviting multiple interpretations. The novella uses a frame narrative, where Marlow tells his story to friends aboard a boat on the River Thames, adding an extra layer of narrative depth.

Literary Impact

"Heart of Darkness" has inspired numerous literary and artistic works, including Francis Ford Coppola's film "Apocalypse Now," which transposes the story to the Vietnam War. The novella remains a cornerstone in discussions of colonialism and human morality, continuing to be a subject of academic study and debate.