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When used to refer to any generic alcoholic mixed drink cocktail may mean any beverage that contains two or more ingredients if at least one of those ingredients contains alcohol.

The first publication of a bartenders guide which included cocktail recipes was in 1862 How to Mix Drinks or The Bon Vivant's Companion by Professor Jerry Thomas. In addition to recipes for punches sours slings cobblers shrubs toddies flips and a variety of other mixed drinks were 10 recipes for cocktails. A key ingredient differentiating cocktails from other drinks in this compendium was the use of bitters. Mixed drinks popular today that conform to this original meaning of cocktail include the Old Fashioned whiskey cocktail the Sazerac cocktail and the Manhattan cocktail.

The ingredients listed spirits sugar water and bitters match the ingredients of an Old Fashioned which originated as a term used by late 19th century bar patrons to distinguish cocktails made the old-fashioned way from newer more complex cocktails.

The term highball appears during the 1890s to distinguish a drink composed only of a distilled spirit and a mixer.

The first cocktail party ever thrown was allegedly by Mrs. Julius S. Walsh Jr. of St. Louis Missouri in May 1917. Mrs. Walsh invited 50 guests to her home at noon on a Sunday. The party lasted an hour until lunch was served at 1 pm. The site of this first cocktail party still stands. In 1924 the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis bought the Walsh mansion at 4510 Lindell Boulevard and it has served as the local archbishop's residence ever since.

During Prohibition in the United States when alcoholic beverages were illegal cocktails were still consumed illegally in establishments known as speakeasies. The quality of liquor available during Prohibition was much worse than previously. There was a shift from whiskey to gin which does not require aging and is therefore easier to produce illicitly. Honey fruit juices and other flavorings served to mask the foul taste of the inferior liquors. Sweet cocktails were easier to drink quickly an important consideration when the establishment might be raided at any moment.

Cocktails became less popular in the late 1960s and through the 1970s until resurging in the 1980s with vodka often substituting the original gin in drinks such as the martini. Traditional cocktails began to make a comeback in the 2000s and by the mid-2000s there was a renaissance of cocktail culture in a style typically referred to as mixology that draws on traditional cocktails for inspiration but utilizes novel ingredients and often complex flavors.

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