Oral Cancer

口腔癌指南，包括體徵和症狀，預防和治療。

Oral cancer, also known as mouth cancer, is cancer of the lining of the lips, mouth, or upper throat.In the mouth, it most commonly starts as a painless white patch, that thickens, develops red patches, an ulcer, and continues to grow. When on the lips, it commonly looks like a persistent crusting ulcer that does not heal, and slowly grows.Other symptoms may include difficult or painful swallowing, new lumps or bumps in the neck, a swelling in the mouth, or a feeling of numbness in the mouth or lips.

Risk factors include tobacco and alcohol use.With both tobacco and drinking alcohol, the risk of oral cancer is 15 times greater.Other risk factors include HPV infection,chewing paan,and sun exposure on the lower lip.Oral cancer is a subgroup of head and neck cancers.Diagnosis is made by biopsy of the concerning area, followed by investigation with CT scan, MRI, PET scan, and examination to determine if it has spread to distant parts of the body.

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